![]() Institutional setting, administrative framework, international borders, and internal bordersĬhanges in the institutional setting since the early-19 th centuryĪs a result of the vicissitudes of Vietnam’s institutional settings, few statistics have been collected for the country as a whole in its present-day boundaries before the mid-1970s. The major phases of the successive overhauls of the institutional setting since the early-19 th century can be summarized as follows: (1) reunification the country in 1802 under the authority of the kings of the Nguyen dynasty (2) occupation of southern Vietnam and the establishment of colonial rule in this region from the 1860s onward (3) occupation of the rest of the country in the 1880s, formally under French protectorate, and the reorganization of central and northern Vietnam into two administrative regions (4) inclusion of the three administrative regions of Vietnam in the framework of French Indochina, which also included Cambodia and Laos, until its transformation from 1949 into an association of the three independent States of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos within the framework of Union Française ( French Commonwealth) (5) partition between North Vietnam and South Vietnam in 1954 (6) reunification in 1976 as a result of the victory of communist-led North Vietnam over US supported South Vietnam (7) implementation of socio-economic reforms beginning in the late 1980s leading to a convergence towards UN standards in the collection of statistics and the compilation of national accounts data.Ĭhanges in the administrative framework and data collection
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